In Torino, GTT (Gruppo Torinese Trasporti) provides an efficient transportation network that includes a subway line, trams and buses. You may take a tram or bus to get to the Istituto Scienza Nuova, where classes will be held (see the “Upon arrival” page).
For information on routes, timetables and fares, visit the GTT website and use the online journey planner, or consult the itineraries of all the lines. For tickets, it’s best to download the “GTT TO Move” app and buy the tickets you need electronically. Otherwise, you will have to purchase a paper ticket before boarding the tram, bus, or train. A single urban ticket costs €2.00 and it is valid for 100 minutes. You must validate your electronic or paper ticket when you board or in the metro station. If you carry a large piece of luggage you have to purchase an extra ticket.

Siena is a small city and you can reach everything by foot. If you have to take a bus (for example from the train station to the Refugio) purchase the ticket before boarding and stamp it in the machine when you board the bus. A single urban ticket costs €1.50 (€2.50 if you purchase it on the bus). For more information visit Autolinee Toscane/Siena.

Taxis

If you want to take a cab in Torino or other Italian cities, make sure to only use official taxis. These taxis are often white, but they can sometimes be yellow or other colors. They can also be recognized by the “TAXI” sign on their roof and the license number that is clearly displayed on the sides of the taxi, at the back and on the inside. Official taxis will also have a meter to measure and display the fare rate. You will have a better chance of being charged a reasonable fare by using official taxis.
Passengers arriving at airports and train stations are often the ideal targets for unlicensed taxi drivers trying to find business. It is not recommended to accept offers from these drivers. Their taxis may not be metered, and you may be overcharged. Official taxi drivers remain by their cars at the taxi stand and do not seek business in the arrival halls.
Taxi fares vary depending on the final destination, the amount of luggage loaded, the time of travel, and the number of passengers using the taxi. There is usually an extra charge for each suitcase loaded into the boot, and an extra charge after the third or fourth passenger. Taxi fares are more expensive at night, and on Sundays and public holidays.
Keep in mind that if you call a taxi, the meter starts running from where the taxi leaves to come and fetch you, and not from your collection point. You may decide to take advantage of fixed taxi rates based on departure point and destination (usually to or from the airport), which can be found on a table in the back of the taxi. If you do decide to do this, make sure you tell the taxi driver at the beginning of your ride and not at the end that you’d like to pay the fixed rate.
In Italy you can tip your cab driver, but it isn’t expected. Feel free to tip if they are helpful, they will appreciate it.

There are numerous apps for calling or booking a cab from your smartphone. They are all active in Torino, Milan, Rome and other major cities but not necessarily in smaller ones like Trento or Siena. The most popular and reliable ones are: Wetaxi (in Torino), InTaxi (also in Trento), and itTaxi.
Taxis in Torino: Taxi Torino +39 011 5730 or 5737
Taxis in Trento: TaxiTrento +39 0461 930002
Taxis in Siena: TaxiSiena +39 0577 49222

Please note that Uber and other ridesharing companies are not as popular in Italy as it is in countries like the US and the UK, and that they are more expensive.